Android includes support for material design apps and provide following elements to build Meterial design. Check out the blog below for in depth details.
Beacons are Bluetooth device which allows Bluetooth based devices to receive static piece of information within a small distance. In simple words, it consists of two parts: a broadcaster (beacon device) and a receiver (smartphone app). The broadcaster beacon always send message to show i am here and receiver detects these Bluetooth radio packets and does any task based on distance from beacon.
Here anatomy of the android application is described. Actually, whatever is been mentioned here in this blog, comprises of the vital building blocks of any application.